Step 4: adding a navigation bar The list at the top of the HTML page is meant to become a navigation menu. Many Web sites have some sort of menu along the top or on the side of the page and this page should have one as well. We will put it on the left side, because that is a little more interesting than at the top… The menu is already in the HTML page. On a real Web site, there should not be any broken links, of course.
So we need to move the list to the left and move the rest of the text a little to the right, to make room for it. The CSS properties we use for that are 'padding-left' to move the body text and 'position', 'left' and 'top' to move the menu. There are other ways to do it. But this one is OK for our purposes.
That already looks much more interesting, doesn't it? The main text has been moved over to the right and the list of links is now to the left of it, instead of above.
The 'position: absolute' says that the ul element is positioned independently of any text that comes before or after it in the document and the 'left' and 'top' indicate what that position is. In this case, 2em from the top and 1em from the left side of the window. The 'em' is a very useful unit in CSS, since it can adapt automatically to the font that the reader happens to use. Most browsers have a menu for increasing or decreasing the font size: you can try it and see that the menu increases in size as the font increases, which would not have been the case, if we had used a size in pixels instead.
Step 5: Styling the links The navigation menu still looks like a list, instead of a menu. Let's add some style to it. We'll remove the list bullet and move the items to the left, to where the bullet was. We just launched W3Schools videos. Get certified by completing a course today! If you want to report an error, or if you want to make a suggestion, do not hesitate to send us an e-mail:.
Margins Margin Collapse. Float Clear Float Examples. Navbar Vertical Navbar Horizontal Navbar. Shadow Effects Box Shadow. That is a great question. It may be simpler to include the CSS code within the HTML page when you are learning, but I like to get people started on the right foot from the very start. I want to get you in the habit of keeping your CSS in a separate file because it is the industry standard. Think of it this way: Imagine you have a website that has 50 or pages and you want to change the background color.
If we keep our CSS in a separate file we can make a change to one file and the background color will change for all pages. Another example: Imagine all of your CSS code is about 10 kilobytes of data. Imagine a user visits your site and views 15 different pages. If we keep our CSS in a separate file they would only need to download it once. I have been studied an html lesson at volcano web and w3 school.
Your css lesson give me a good practice and amazing knowledge for me. Thanks, dude. Officially going to use your site for both, until I run out of lessons! Was seriously considering going to school for this since it seemed so daunting. It was a free web host in the 90s. I have put off learning CSS for a long time. I am tired of going back and editing each individual page one at a time in all of my stuff on the net. This is the most common and useful method of bringing CSS to a document.
In the Getting started with CSS , we linked an external stylesheet to our web page. In the example above, the CSS file is in the same folder as the HTML document, but you could place it somewhere else and adjust the path.
Here are three examples:. An internal stylesheet resides within an HTML document. In some circumstances, internal stylesheets can be useful. For example, perhaps you're working with a content management system where you are blocked from modifying external CSS files. But for sites with more than one page, an internal stylesheet becomes a less efficient way of working. To apply uniform CSS styling to multiple pages using internal stylesheets, you must have an internal stylesheet in every web page that will use the styling.
The efficiency penalty carries over to site maintenance too. With CSS in internal stylesheets, there is the risk that even one simple styling change may require edits to multiple web pages. The implementation of an inline style in an HTML document might look like this:.
Avoid using CSS in this way, when possible. It is the opposite of a best practice. First, it is the least efficient implementation of CSS for maintenance. One styling change might require multiple edits within a single web page. Separating code and content makes maintenance easier for all who work on the website. There are a few circumstances where inline styles are more common.
You might have to resort to using inline styles if your working environment is very restrictive. You may also see a lot of inline styles in HTML email to achieve compatibility with as many email clients as possible. For the exercise that follows, create a folder on your computer. You can name the folder whatever you want.
Inside the folder, copy the text below to create two files:. A selector targets HTML to apply styles to content. We have already discovered a variety of selectors in the Getting started with CSS tutorial. If CSS is not applying to content as expected, your selector may not match the way you think it should match. Each CSS rule starts with a selector — or a list of selectors — in order to tell the browser which element or elements the rules should apply to.
All the examples below are valid selectors or lists of selectors. Try creating some CSS rules that use the selectors above. Add HTML to be styled by the selectors. If any of the syntax above is not familiar, try searching MDN. Note: You will learn more about selectors in the next module: CSS selectors.
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