Bone pain is often caused by rheumatoid arthritis , a chronic inflammatory disorder. According to a systematic review , the GLA in EPO has the potential to reduce rheumatoid arthritis pain without causing unwanted side effects.
EPO is generally considered safe for most people to use short term. When choosing EPO, research the supplement as well as the company selling the product.
If you take blood thinners, EPO may increase bleeding. Topical EPO is often used to help prepare the cervix for delivery. But according to the Mayo Clinic , a study reported taking EPO orally slowed dilation and was associated with longer labor. Talk to your doctor to weigh the risks and benefits of taking EPO and get advice about the proper dosage for you. To reduce your risks for side effects, always use the lowest dose possible.
If you begin having unusual or persistent side effects, discontinue use and see your doctor. You may hear of women taking evening primrose oil to naturally induce labor.
Read about this supplement and its safety and effectiveness. Evening primrose oil is known for its hormone balancing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The oil of the evening primrose contains high concentrations of a powerful anti-inflammatory ingredient called gamma-linoleic acid GLA.
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Create a personalised content profile. Measure ad performance. Select basic ads. Create a personalised ads profile. Select personalised ads. Apply market research to generate audience insights. Measure content performance. Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors. Evening primrose oil is extracted from the seeds of evening primrose Oenothera biennis , a plant native to North America.
It gets its name from its yellow blossoms, which bloom in the evening. The oil contains gamma-linolenic acid GLA , an omega-6 fatty acid that has both anti-inflammatory and analgesic pain-relieving properties. Alternative healthcare providers believe that evening primrose oil can aid in the treatment of numerous health conditions, including acne, diabetic neuropathy, eczema, osteoporosis, psoriasis, premenstrual syndrome PMS , and rheumatoid arthritis.
Evening primrose oil is not an essential oil commonly used for aromatherapy, and it is one that can be consumed orally.
Evening primrose oil has been promoted as an effective treatment for a variety of ailments, including eczema and breast pain, since the s. Some the claims are better supported by research than others. Evening primrose oil has long been used by women to treat hot flashes during menopause.
While the body of evidence remains mixed, a study in the Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics found that a daily, milligram dose of evening primrose oil provided modest relief of hot flashes after six weeks. Although the severity of hot flashes improved when compared to women provided a placebo , the duration and frequency of the episodes did not. Evening primrose oil is also sometimes used to alleviate menstrual cramps and PMS.
In the s, evening primrose oil was heavily touted as an effective treatment for eczema by Canadian entrepreneur David Horrobin Despite a positive response from consumers, many of the claims have since been debunked in research. According to a review of studies from the University of Minnesota Medical School, evening primrose oil proved no more effective in treating atopic eczema than a placebo in each of the seven reviewed trials.
Many of the same conclusions have been drawn when investigating the effectiveness of evening primrose oil in treating psoriasis or acne. Rheumatoid arthritis is a type of autoimmune arthritis primarily affecting the joints.
Some studies have suggested that GLA can reduce pain and improve function in people with mild to moderate rheumatoid arthritis. A review of studies from Australia concluded that GLA found in evening primrose, borage seed , or blackcurrant seed oil provided "moderate" relief of pain and disability in people with rheumatoid arthritis. The most promising results were seen in people who concurrently used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs , triggering a modest improvement in morning stiffness and joint articulation.
An increased intake of unsaturated fat is associated with a reduced risk of osteoporosis bone mineral loss , especially in postmenopausal women. Primrose oil is made up almost entirely of unsaturated fat and is believed by some to counter the bone loss seen in women with osteoporosis.
An month study from South Africa reported that the combined use of primrose oil, fish oil, and calcium supplements either slowed or reversed bone loss in older women average age 79 compared to a control group of similar-aged women given a placebo. According to the research, women given primrose oil, fish oil, and calcium experienced an increase of femoral thigh bone density of 1.
Since then, there has been evidence to support some of these claims. A month study from India, involving 80 people with severe diabetic neuropathy, concluded that a daily to 1,milligram dose of evening primrose oil combined with milligrams of vitamin E achieved pain relief in 88 percent of the participants. However promising, the conclusions were limited by the lack of a control placebo group to make an evaluative comparison.
Still, the findings were significant enough to warrant further research. Like most supplements, there hasn't been much research assessing the long-term safety of evening primrose oil. In some cases, primrose oil may cause side effects such as stomach upset, headache, nausea, and diarrhea. Evening primrose oil should be used cautiously if you have certain medical conditions.
Among them:. Evening primrose oil can interact with a significant number of medications, either reducing the drug's efficacy or triggering side effects. We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission.
Evening primrose oil is the oil derived from the seeds of the evening primrose Oenothera biennis plant. It has a number of popular uses and is widely available in supplement form. One of the most important ingredients in evening primrose oil is gamma-linolenic acid GLA , which is also found in other plant-based oils. The recommended dose of evening primrose oil is 8 to 12 capsules a day, at a dose of milligrams per capsule.
A range of evening primrose oil products are available for purchase online. Hot flashes experienced by women going through the menopause have a number of non-hormonal treatment options, but, according to the evidence, evening primrose oil does not have an effect. Some women report PMS symptoms being eased by evening primrose oil, for instance, breast tenderness, feelings of depression , irritability, and swelling and bloating from fluid retention.
However, there is no current evidence to support a role for evening primrose oil in easing premenstrual syndrome PMS. Nerve pain associated with diabetes has been treated with evening primrose oil, when conventional treatments have not worked or have been unsuitable.
Beneficial results have been shown in clinical trials, and taking evening primrose oil for months may improve the symptoms of nerve damage caused by diabetes. In one small randomized trial published in Diabetic Medicine , for example, there was a statistically significant improvement in neuropathy scores, including nerve conduction tests, for people taking evening primrose oil capsules for 6 months compared with placebo. Evening primrose oil is taken with fish oil and calcium by older adults with osteoporosis; the combination seems to decrease bone loss and increase bone density.
More research is needed to determine the role evening primrose oil itself might play independently of the other supplements. Treatment with oral evening primrose oil may help correct an abnormality in essential fatty acids found in eczema. Eczema can be effectively treated with conventional medicines, but complementary alternatives, such as evening primrose oil are sometimes tried by people whose conditions do not improve as much as they would like, or who fear side effects.
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